For greater than a century, scientists have observed water has quite a lot of uncommon properties that don’t match inside the traditional mannequin of it being only a stable, liquid or fuel.
Gerald Pollack constructed upon these observations, and finally decided that when a negatively charged floor is current, if an applicable power supply can be current (notably infrared — which is all over the place), the water will assemble itself into layers of offset hexagonal sheets with the components H3O2 that behave like a liquid crystal.
Notice: Along with gentle, sound may also generate H3O2.
In my eyes, liquid crystalline water is a critically below appreciated space of science because it offers a mechanism to clarify lots of the unexplained mysteries of the physique (e.g., how achieve this many fluids move inside it regardless of there being no identified pump to maneuver them) and a approach to put phrases into a lot of what we ceaselessly observe inside the physique.
What Is Liquid Crystalline Water?
Liquid crystalline water has a big diploma of solidity, and can expel most issues from getting into it (e.g., polystyrene microspheres), together with the displaced hydrogen atoms (as it’s H1.5O not H2O). These displaced positively charged H atoms (henceforth known as protons), in flip assemble instantly outdoors this lattice, thereby making a pH and cost gradient which could be measured.
In lots of circumstances, these H3O2 lattices could be monumental — in favorable situations, Pollack and others have measured ones starting from 0.1 millimeters to 0.5 millimeters (100,000 to 500,000 nanometers or nm) in measurement. Cells rely upon this water, in order that they comprise a lot of surfaces from which the water can type.
For instance, 20% of the cell is occupied by its cytoskeleton (a protein lattice which maintains its construction), and evaluation of high-voltage electron micrographs have proven that inside the cytoskeleton, over half of the water current is inside 5 nm of a floor it may probably type H3O2 on (for reference a single H2O molecule is 0.27 nm in measurement).
For the reason that floor websites that water can construction on are so intently packed collectively in cells, it’s comprehensible why liquid crystalline water (additionally generally referred to as EZ water) can be a lot extra obvious to people observing dwelling cells below a microscope (which in truth is the place a lot of the early analysis on H3O2 originated from). This in flip raises one other query: why are cells designed to create a lot liquid crystalline water?
Notice: An extended article describing the lengthy historical past of analysis into liquid crystalline water (H3O2) and its bodily properties could be learn right here.
Mysteries of the Cell
Within the earlier article, I mentioned a standard difficulty I observe inside science. When an incorrect mannequin is utilized to clarify a pure course of, discrepancies between the mannequin’s predictions and actuality will inevitably seem.
One would anticipate that when this occurs, it could encourage these espousing the faulty mannequin to re-examine their mannequin, however as an alternative, since a lot has been invested into that mannequin, they as an alternative will denounce any challenges to it, and provide you with innumerable inventive methods to clarify away every failure of the present mannequin.
Take into account, for instance, the preliminary guarantees of the vaccines (if you happen to get two doses, you had been instructed that you’d be utterly immune, transmission would cease, and COVID-19 would quickly fade into reminiscence). For the reason that scientific trials for the vaccines had been fraudulent, not one of the vaccines’ guarantees materialized, and the COVID scenario as an alternative grew to become worse.
Nonetheless, as an alternative of healthcare authorities (and the medical group) admitting their mistake and switching to a unique method for managing COVID-19, they doubled down on the vaccine mandates and moved the objective posts time and again with regard to what mass-vaccination (and boosting) was truly supposed to perform.
Likewise, for mobile biology, our data of the cell is surprisingly primitive and the present fashions usually fail to clarify what happens inside the mobile setting. Nonetheless, for the reason that various fashions will not be typically accepted by the scientific group, we’ve got been pressured to repeatedly patch the present fashions in order that they will considerably account for the innumerable mysteries of life.
At this level, I consider one of many key causes of this case is scientific analysis changing into distorted to prioritize specializing in discoveries that trade can revenue from.
For instance, immunology has a slender concentrate on the features of the immune system which could be focused by vaccination or proprietary medicine, which in flip has left many different elements of the immune response uncared for (the immune system is usually known as one of many least understood techniques within the physique).
Equally, since pharmaceutical medicine usually work by affecting receptors and channels in cells, mobile biology has adopted a narrow-minded concentrate on simply these features of a cell.
In flip, the liquid crystalline section of water offers quite a lot of explanations for lots of the organic phenomena that the present fashions merely don’t adequately deal with. On this article, I’ll focus upon just a few of them.
Notice: A lot of what’s mentioned on this article is roofed in additional element inside these three books (equally, nearly all of the references for this text are sourced from these books, so I cannot repetitively cite them all through the article). When you want to additional examine the topic your self, I might advocate studying these books (all authored by Gerald H. Pollack) on this order:
- The Fourth Section of Water: Past Stable, Liquid, and Vapor (2013)
- Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life: A New, Unifying Method to Cell Operate (2001)
- Section Transitions in Cell Biology (2008) — that is probably the most technical of the three
Mobile Integrity
One of many main puzzles of biology is the immense sturdiness that cells have. When you think about the traditional mannequin — cells being baggage of liquid contained inside a fluid mosaic membrane, it must be easy for exterior forces to “pop” cells and have all of their contents spill out. But normally, cells keep their integrity regardless of vital stressors.
Cells can survive traumas, together with being guillotined in half, drawn and quartered (so particular elements could be remoted and labored with — reminiscent of when performing in vitro fertilization), or shot stuffed with holes with electrical bullets, every of which one would anticipate can be adequate to “pop” them. Nonetheless, in every occasion, mobile integrity of the remaining element persists.
Equally, if the membrane from a cell is eliminated, its inside contents stay in place fairly than quickly dispersing. It has additionally been identified for over 50 years that if muscle fibers lose their membranes, their useful potential (making a contractile pressure) stays intact.
Three clues assist to clarify these phenomena. The primary is that — as Pollack has proven — water droplets have a exceptional quantity of integrity, and like cells, will keep their integrity (and subsequently fuse again collectively) if a micro-blade is used to guillotine them in half. The second is that Pollack has additionally proven water droplets comprise a big diploma of liquid crystalline water which doubtless is what confers their integrity.
The third is that the water molecules in cells predominantly exist inside gels, that are composed of that very same liquid crystalline water. Put otherwise, because of this a cell’s stability is basically a property of its water holding it collectively fairly than the exterior construction which encapsulates it.
One other necessary facet of mobile structure ought to now be thought-about. Because the situations for liquid crystalline water formation are current all through the cell (negatively charged hydrophilic surfaces and ambient infrared power), the cells ought to quickly be filling themselves with liquid crystalline water layers lots of of micrometers in thickness.
But, all through the cells, the surfaces are sometimes solely fractions of a micrometer aside. Because of this the construction of the cell relies upon upon the continuous formation of liquid crystalline water, however concurrently constrains that crystalline construction from rising to its full measurement.
Tensegrity
Classically in structure, buildings are created by having sturdy skeletons upon which the remainder of the construction rests. For instance, within the previous days, we ceaselessly used stone pillars; these days, skyscrapers require metal superstructures to fulfill the wants of those buildings:
This mannequin usually doesn’t work inside dwelling organisms, as a result of life, in contrast to these buildings, requires speedy motion, and dwelling organisms merely can’t produce stable buildings with the identical power as metal beams. Nonetheless, another and extra complicated architectural mannequin has been developed which is ceaselessly utilized by those that embrace complexity inside their fashions.
Tensegrity (brief for tensional integrity), was a mannequin first put ahead by Buckminster Fuller. It posits that if a sequence of non-compressible buildings are linked collectively by a lattice of elastic connections (which might retailer rigidity when stretched), a a lot stronger construction is created.
It’s because any pressure the construction receives will probably be equally distributed via every of these elastic connections fairly than concentrating on a single element (e.g., the stone pillar), and thus, a lot much less more likely to exceed the breaking level of any single structural element.
Fuller’s work subsequently impressed quite a few buildings to be constructed on the ideas of tensegrity. It is a traditional image of him holding a tensegrity sphere he made:
Biotensegrity encapsulates the belief that this similar system additionally happens all through nature. For the human physique, at every degree of group, a linked tensile matrix is current that confers its stability.
One French hand surgeon, Jean-Claude Guimberteau, has likewise executed a exceptional job of demonstrating the presence of linked tensile buildings on the degree of fascia (a connective tissue current all through the physique many handbook therapists work with), via small (magnified) cameras positioned within the physique throughout minimally invasive surgical procedures:
Notice: On the magnification scale used right here and in his different movies, liquid crystalline water could be instantly noticed coating these buildings. Additionally word its lubricating high quality that permits the buildings to slip previous one another. Lack of this lubrication seems to create quite a lot of points inside the physique.
Because the years go by, there seems to be a larger consensus inside the holistic medical subject that biotensegrity is a legitimate mannequin for understanding the physique, and that linked networks of rigidity are current from the most important to the smallest ranges of the physique (e.g., the cytoskeleton is the elastic connecting unit inside every cell). Nonetheless, whereas this idea is ceaselessly mentioned, there are nonetheless two main unaddressed points with it, which I consider liquid crystalline water can clarify.
The primary is that in Guimberteau’s work, he had noticed that tiny vacuoles (enclosed compartments crammed with water) all through the physique type the essential incompressible unit that a lot of the physique’s tensegrity relies upon upon.
The second is that at an excellent larger magnification inside cells, whereas a cytoskeleton is current that’s below rigidity, there’s nothing that may be seen which creates that rigidity (and it’s extremely debatable if the cell’s connections to the extracellular matrix suffice to create that rigidity). This issues as a result of the structural power of a tensegrity system solely emerges when a construction’s elements are below rigidity.
Within the case of the previous, I consider that the microvacuoles are crammed with liquid crystalline water (which can’t be compressed). Within the case of water droplets, Pollack concluded that the mutual repulsion between positively charged protons (pushed to the middle of the droplet by sheets of H3O2) creates an outwards pressure resisted by the liquid crystalline boundary of the droplet.
The stability between these two forces ends in the droplet assuming a spherical type, and I consider the identical mechanism is at work within the microvacuoles all through the human physique.
Within the case of the latter, you will need to bear in mind how a lot enlargement is produced by proteins that create gels (many gels are over 99.9% water). Pollack, in flip, has proven that the liquid crystalline water that’s continuously making an attempt to type inside the cell is unable to achieve its full measurement as a result of proteins resisting the stretch that must happen had been the liquid crystalline gel to develop to its full measurement.
This occurs each on the degree of the cell (because the cytoskeleton stretches because the cell expands to its most measurement, till it can’t permit additional enlargement to happen) and inside proteins all through the cell.
On the protein degree, the physique usually depends upon chemical bonds to be made between proteins to constrain the utmost enlargement that may happen in response to a gel forming. Moreover, proteins can alternate between a folded and an unfolded conformation (e.g., a helix vs. a coil), one thing usually decided by the strain utilized to the protein (such because the expansive strain of liquid crystalline water inside a gel).
There are a selection of significance penalties of this conformation change which will probably be mentioned later on this article (e.g., for the physiology of muscle tissues). Moreover, many different elements of the physique additionally seem to depend on liquid crystalline water:
“Finding out collagen, Melacini et al. famous the significance of water in stabilizing its triple helix crystalline construction. They discovered that water inside the collagen helix kinds a “semi-clathrate-like construction that surrounds and interconnects triple helices within the crystal lattice.”
Water inside the matrix of bone is likewise extremely structured, a structuring that has been discovered related not solely with natural macromolecules reminiscent of collagen and proteoglycans, however with the mineral surfaces as effectively. Water, in truth, appears to play a foundational function in orienting mineral nanoparticles into parallel preparations inside the bone matrix, offering this orientation even within the absence of natural molecules.”
On a regular basis Gel Expansions
Many applied sciences we’re acquainted with (e.g., diapers) depend on hydrogels which might broaden right into a semisolid construction which retain water. Equally, we will instantly observe that many bigger processes inside the physique are additionally dependent upon water’s tendency to assemble into the bigger liquid crystalline buildings.
As a result of the conventional structure of protein’s cross-linking conduct limits how a lot gels can broaden (because the proteins which would want to separate to accommodate the rising gel are prevented from doing so by cross hyperlinks between them), when tissue or protein is broken, this limitation could be partially eliminated. Consequently, it may be seen on a microscopic scale that human tissue will swell and broaden when it’s broken.
Likewise, Pollack has argued that that is more than likely what occurs once you expertise a musculoskeletal trauma. In Pollack’s proposed mannequin, the preliminary gel formation additional expands the present tear, and this progressive enlargement of liquid crystalline water finally results in seen swelling.
On a bigger scale, one of many main engineering challenges for the physique is having weight-bearing joints just like the knees be capable to keep their vary of movement with out changing into broken by the continuous friction they expertise every day.
A exceptional attribute about liquid crystalline water is that, offered the floor from which it kinds stays intact, liquid crystalline water could be destroyed after which reform, together with its nearly frictionless floor, over and over.
Due to this, the liquid crystalline water finally ends up being the element which absorbs the stress skilled by wholesome joints, and offered the joint is wholesome, this water can immediately regenerate from that stress. At the side of this regenerating layer of negatively charged liquid crystalline water, on the very heart of the joint, there’s a pocket of positively charged protons which repel from one another and create an expansive strain (like what’s seen in a water droplet).
For the reason that joint capsule seals this area, these protons are unable to flee and thus successfully operate like repelling magnets (e.g., think about a maglev practice) that resist the load of the physique and keep the central area inside the joint.
One of many issues I think about probably the most compelling about Pollack’s mannequin for the joints is the particular high quality of synovial fluid contained in the knee joint. If you view it on a digital camera throughout an arthroscopic surgical procedure, diffusion inside it’s visibly slowed, whereas if you happen to instantly extract it (e.g., throughout a knee aspiration), you’ll be able to inform that it has a a lot thicker and gelatinous high quality, one thing I’ve realized to affiliate with the presence of liquid crystalline water.
Pollack likewise argues that his mannequin suggests EZ (liquid crystalline) water’s conduct resembles that of a gelatinous egg white which is semisolid when left alone, but capable of move in response to an imposed shear pressure.
Mobile Gradients
Notice: A “gradient” describes a distinction within the focus of issues in two totally different areas. This might embrace electrical expenses (i.e. batteries rely on gradients), electrolytes, or temperatures — and plenty of gradients present an simply harvestable supply of power.
The prevailing paradigm of physics asserts the next:
- The pure state of issues is to be disordered and evenly combined.
- Anytime you make one thing change into extra ordered (e.g., forming a crystal or making a gradient between two areas), power should be expended to create that ordering.
- When an ordered construction turns into disordered, power is launched within the course of which might typically be harvested (e.g., combusting wooden in a wooden range to warmth our houses).
- Anytime power is launched from one thing, if you happen to try to seize and retailer that power, some power will all the time be misplaced.
These legal guidelines, in flip, are used to refute the chance that any kind of “free-energy” system can exist, such because the exclusion zone (EZ) water system Pollack has proposed the place quite a few harvestable gradients are created. Sadly for the present paradigm, biology usually seems to violate these legal guidelines, as it’s regularly shifting in the direction of a extra ordered state fairly than the disordered state the present paradigm predicts.
The present decision for this paradox (which gained a Nobel prize) is that dwelling organisms operate as “dissipative buildings,” which change the order in massive quantities of ordered elements they accumulate from their setting in return for imparting order to their very own disordered contents.
Though to some extent this permits the present paradigm to maintain itself, I don’t consider it’s completely correct as water, via its liquid crystalline construction, has the power to retailer radiant power that passes via it and convert that power to order the physique can then make the most of.
The Sodium Potassium Gradient
One of many issues dwelling cells are well-known for doing is concentrating potassium inside themselves and reciprocally expelling sodium. For the reason that focus inside and outdoors cells differs, a gradient exists, which, by the present legal guidelines of physics ought to attempt to equalize itself and quickly disappear.
Since this doesn’t occur, the present mannequin has argued that the mobile membrane prevents the passage of most however not all sodium and potassium (thereby inhibiting the gradient from equalizing itself) and that sodium potassium pumps on the mobile membrane exist which continuous swap sodium contained in the cell for potassium outdoors the cell.
As a result of this change is so important to sustaining the well being of the cell, a big focus in mobile biology is positioned on the significance of the sodium potassium change pump. Sadly, there are three basic issues with this mannequin (the proof of every of those and extra is introduced by Gilbert Ling right here):
- The maths doesn’t add up — the present sodium potassium pumps merely shouldn’t have the capability to counteract the pure undoing of the sodium and potassium gradients. For instance, in muscle cells, sustaining the sodium potassium gradient with pumps requires between 4 to 30 occasions the complete obtainable power within the cell.
- Cells are capable of keep a gradient with quite a lot of different undesirable elements they expel (e.g., micro organism expelling antibiotics) and to clarify these phenomena, increasingly more pumps are recognized to attempt to help the mannequin. It is a downside as a result of it’s unlikely that cells have the capability to concurrently maintain so many alternative pumps.
- Ling took frog muscle cells whose setting was altered in order that they had been utterly starved of power (which is required to function the sodium potassium pump). Regardless of this, the gradient was maintained.
This then begs the query of what might be creating this gradient? Ling made the next observations:
- The gradient was maintained if the cell membrane (the place these pumps reside) was eliminated.
- Producing a membrane with sodium potassium pumps that didn’t comprise a cytoplasm (the within of a cell) resulted within the gradient quickly disappearing from with the membrane.
This implies that the gradient is a property of the cell cytoplasm fairly than the mobile membrane. Apparently, the equivalent property has been present in synthetic gels, which just like the cytoplasm, additionally generate massive quantities of liquid crystalline water:
“We present that the gel barrier is ready to keep a secure separation of ionic options of various ionic strengths and chemical compositions with none pumping exercise. For the Na+ /Ok+ focus gradient sustained throughout the barrier, a adverse electrical potential develops inside the Ok+ -rich aspect. The scenario is harking back to that within the cell.
Moreover, additionally the advective move of water molecules throughout the gel barrier is restricted, regardless of the gel’s massive pores and the osmotic or hydrostatic strain gradients throughout it.”
This focus phenomenon has additionally been noticed by different authors:
“Proof for such accumulative condensation was produced nearly a century in the past when Bungenberg de Jong in 1932 confirmed that even dilute options of polymers, when shaken, coalesced into droplets-then referred to as coascervates-in which the natural matter grew to become extremely concentrated. The polymer focus in such droplets may exceed the focus within the surrounding bathtub by as a lot as 10,000 occasions.
When positioned in sure dyes, the droplets grew to become progressively extra coloured, the depth usually many occasions exceeding that of the encircling answer. Thus, gel droplets had the capability to pay attention sure solutes, because the cell concentrates potassium.”
Since gels independently reveal lots of the inexplicable traits of cells, it’s thus affordable to conclude they may share a mechanism for producing the sodium potassium gradient noticed all through biology.
Obstacles
One main problem for all cells is maintaining undesirable issues out. Classically, we view the method of pathogenic substances getting into cells as being a product of their interplay with matching receptors on the cells (a world view which I consider is emphasised by medical science as a result of medicine could be developed to disrupt this course of). I, in flip, consider that this exclusion course of by the cell is closely influenced by current expenses, zeta potential and liquid crystalline water.
As a result of liquid crystalline water can for probably the most half solely type on negatively charged surfaces (the identical method that water molecules every expel half a hydrogen atom and thereby maintain a web adverse cost because of the misplaced hydrogens), nearly each floor within the physique (and plenty of different pure techniques) is coated with a adverse cost.
Since colloidal stability (which governs the conduct of most fluid techniques) largely relies upon upon the mutual repulsion created by equivalent expenses, most pure colloidal techniques make the most of adverse expenses to stay dispersed and solely clump collectively if extreme optimistic expenses are current (likewise most strategies of restoring zeta potential function on this precept).
Pathogenic organisms usually impart optimistic expenses to their setting (reminiscent of via micro organism decarboxylating the adverse expenses of amino acids inside proteins). This causes proteins and cells contained in the physique to start clumping collectively (the malaria parasite is especially good at doing this), which each prevents the immune system from having access to the microbes and will increase the microbe’s potential to realize entry to the cells.
One of many notably fascinating observations made by the unique proponent of physiologic zeta potential was that bacterial and viral infections (I consider this was probably the most studied with influenza) would create a constant degradation of the physiologic zeta potential. This offers a proof for why viruses like influenza could be a lot extra harmful for the aged.
Somebody with a wholesome zeta potential can tolerate a minor impairment of their colloidal stability (they may simply really feel a bit unwell), however for somebody who already has an impaired zeta potential (which is a quite common consequence of getting older), that discount could be adequate to go a important threshold the place extreme sickness onsets.
One of many earliest distinguishing traits of COVID-19 to me was that many sufferers developed scientific indicators suggesting extreme zeta potential disruption, one thing I had not seen with another respiratory virus. A key cause I used to be involved in regards to the spike protein lengthy earlier than the vaccines entered the market, was as a result of I had recognized it because the doubtless wrongdoer for this zeta potential disruption.
This was as a result of it being a novel element of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (it differed from that of SARS-CoV-1) that was current on the floor of the virus and which had an unusually excessive optimistic cost density. It has since been proven that the spike protein instantly induces clumping of crimson blood cells, doubtless as a result of its cost distribution having the potential to create a big disruption of physiologic zeta potential.
One of many fascinating feedback I’ve repeatedly seen said by each people who’ve taken protocols to enhance their physique’s manufacturing of liquid crystalline water and people who’ve executed the identical for enhancing their zeta potential, is that they not often get sick.
This might probably imply both that the signs of infections are way more minor if these physiologic parameters are already in good well being (e.g., because you don’t go a important zeta potential threshold), or as a result of they instantly stop cells from changing into contaminated by pathogens.
As many elements which positively have an effect on one of many parameters usually have an effect on the opposite (e.g., earthing improves zeta potential and promotes the expansion of liquid crystalline water within the physique), it’s a bit exhausting to say which impact finally predominates, and an important deal of my analysis on this matter was primarily based on making an attempt to reply that query.
Notice: The strategies of restoring zeta potential and growing liquid crystalline water inside the physique are mentioned additional right here.
On this article, we overview a few of the proof supporting that barrier speculation. The earliest I got here throughout was from the work of Viktor Schauberger (1885-1958), who believed it was critically necessary for water to journey in a vortexing sample, one thing as mentioned within the earlier a part of this sequence, has been proven to extend the presence of liquid crystalline water.
One of many many discoveries made by using vortexing techniques primarily based on his design for water provides was that it lowered the expansion of micro organism inside the water system (e.g., on the within of pipes).
Different analysis has instantly discovered that the presence of liquid crystalline water prevents the expansion and invasion of micro organism, reminiscent of this examine:
“In a check performed with E. coli, cells progressively penetrated EZ [liquid crystalline water] over 2 days. Moreover, EZ-bearing Nafion had 80% much less biomass accumulation of E. coli over 2 days in comparison with an EZ-less, hydrophilic, clean aluminum oxide floor. This implies that EZ might signify the primary line of protection, spatially and temporally, towards micro organism approaching sure hydrophilic surfaces.
These findings may have necessary implications in creating biofouling-resistant materials surfaces for functions delicate to bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.”
And this examine:
“Silk sericin is a globular protein whose resistance towards fouling is necessary for functions in biomaterials and water-purification membranes. Right here it’s proven how sericin generates a water-exclusion [liquid crystalline] zone that will facilitate antifouling conduct. Negatively charged microspheres had been used to imitate the floor cost and hydrophobic domains in micro organism.
Immersed in water, sericin fashioned a 100-µm-sized exclusion zone (for micron-size foulants), together with a proton gradient with a lower of >2 pH-units. Thus, when involved with sericin, water molecules close to the floor restructure to type a bodily exclusionary barrier which may stop biofouling.
The decreased pH turns the aqueous medium unviable for neutrophilic micro organism. Due to this fact, resistance to biofouling appears explainable, amongst different elements, on the premise of water-exclusionary phenomena.”
Many tissues rely upon the presence of liquid crystalline water lining them, and that is doubtless at the very least partly, because of the protecting barrier they create. Inexperienced and Otori in 1970, for instance, discovered exclusion zones roughly 350 μm deep extending from the cornea, and in addition from contact lenses (it’s necessary to guard the attention from injury, and liquid crystalline water features as a clear, well-lubricated barrier, qualities each important for the eyes).
Pollack, roughly 15 years in the past, additionally discovered equivalent outcomes (the presence of liquid crystalline water) subsequent to polyNIPAM, the gel used to manufacture contact lenses.
One of the necessary tissues within the physique for offering a protecting (however well-lubricated layer) is on the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. There, massive quantities of blood creating vital shear forces continuously go over the blood vessels. Thus far, Malcom Kendrick has famous that the areas of circulation which expertise the best shear forces are the more than likely to develop the continual injury which finally results in coronary heart illness.
The protecting coating of the endothelium, the glycocalyx, is structured (as a result of its excessive sulfate content material) to create massive quantities of gel (liquid crystalline water) round it and thus shield the endothelium. Moreover, a skinny layer that blood cells can’t enter is thought to instantly line the partitions of even the smallest blood vessels.
Equally, researchers in 2000 noticed a 0.4-0.5μm thick gelled layer of water lining the endothelium of wholesome capillaries (the smallest blood vessels within the physique), and this lining excludes quite a lot of totally different substances from reaching the endothelium.
Formally, the vaccine spike protein can’t have an effect on the endothelium as a result of it lacks a useful ACE2 binding area (whereas the COVID-19 virus has a useful one via which it then enters the cell).
Though that is the case, there are many different methods that the spike protein can nonetheless connect to the endothelium (e.g., the spike protein can nonetheless connect to the receptor, it instantly binds heparin within the glyocalyx, and whether it is produced from contained in the endothelium by the vaccine, it has successfully entered the endothelium).
Since autopsies of people suspected to have died as a result of vaccination have revealed profound injury to the endothelial layer, this offers sturdy proof that the spike protein in a technique or one other has the power to penetrate the usually protecting barrier there.
Many have suspected that that is partly because of the extremely optimistic cost that the spike protein (and the typically positively charged elements of the lipid nanoparticles) carries, as these optimistic expenses can penetrate the liquid crystalline water barrier defending cells just like the endothelium.
I consider it could even be because of the spike protein’s disruption of zeta potential, as different states related to elevated blood viscosity (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes) are identified to injury the endothelium and speed up the development to heart problems.
Section Transitions
Though liquid crystalline water is important for all times, an excessive amount of of it can be problematic. For instance, if the whole cell was lined with gel-state water, it could not be attainable for a lot of issues that wanted to enter the cell to enter.
To resolve this downside, areas of optimistic cost exist within the membrane (e.g., Pollack argues that it is a key cause for the location of steel ions inside the cell membrane), which stop liquid crystalline water from forming over the world and thus create an open passage for water to journey via.
Notice: Though we’re taught to think about the cell as a fluid mosaic of phospholipids with proteins right here and there, roughly 50% of the cell membrane is often composed of proteins (and it may well typically be much more).
Typically, nevertheless, the physique depends upon having the ability to rework water between its gel (liquid crystalline) state and a sol (bulk water containing colloidal suspensions) state as wanted. Nonetheless, whereas recognition of the elemental significance of section adjustments in mobile biology has progressively elevated during the last 70 years, nearly all of the scientific subject remains to be wedded to the fluid mosaic speculation, which believes that the mobile membrane is all the time a liquid.
Briefly, gels (each pure and artificial ones) sometimes have a temperature (its transition level) the place the gel will bear a speedy transition from one state to the opposite (defined additional right here). So far as I do know, in all circumstances, the warmer temperature will correspond to the sol state (H2O water with suspended colloids) and the colder one will correspond to the gel state (H3O2). Moreover, elevated strain may also promote the gel state:
“Organic exercise nearly universally requires that membranes be of their fluid state; in lots of circumstances, simply above the transition level.”
Gels all through the physique, in flip, are designed to have a section transition level close to the conventional temperature of the physique. This may occasionally clarify why most mammals and birds keep their temperature between 35°– 42°C (95°– 107.6°F; the conventional temperature for people is 37°C or 98.6°F), an in any other case curious reality given how a lot their our bodies and environments differ (e.g., a tiny chicken within the desert vs. a blue whale).
Moreover, this temperature extends past warm-blooded animals. A tuna fish, when lively, maintains the temperature of its physique at 30°C or 86°F (the ocean is far colder) whereas many reptiles keep their physique temperature close to 40°C or 104°F (by doing issues like looking for out the solar). Many bugs additionally can’t fly till they’ve warmed as much as an identical vary of temperature (e.g., 38°C or 100.4°F for bumblebees).
Equally, the section transition level is closely influenced by the supplies that the gel builds from (e.g., elements of the cell membrane). Chilly-blooded animals in flip have been noticed to alter the composition of their cell membranes in response to their setting.
In a single experiment, Calotes versicolor (the frequent backyard lizard), had been acclimatized to 16°, 26°, and 36°C (60.8°, 78.8°, and 96.8°F) for a interval of thirty days. The lizards exhibited dramatic adjustments within the focus of main phospholipids (elements of the cell membrane) reminiscent of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin.
Temperature acclimatization has additionally been noticed to fluctuate the lipid composition of carp muscle microsomes together with carp blood cells, and seasonal variation has been noticed within the lipid composition of brains of rainbow trout.
As soon as the gel is held close to its transition temperature, it’s then relative simple to alter precisely the place that transition temperature is so water could be saved within the applicable section for the present physiologic wants. That is primarily executed inside the physique by altering the electrolyte composition of the world, as sturdy cations (positively charged ions) destroy gels, whereas sturdy anions (negatively charged ions) reinforce them.
So far as I can inform, the consequences of those ions correlate to the excessive valence (cost) anions (-) that the majority successfully help physiologic zeta potential and people excessive valence cations (+) which most successfully destroy it.
The first cation component which the physique makes use of to shift the transition temperature in an effort to destroy gels is calcium (Ca). As an example the impact of calcium graphically (word how a sudden important threshold of Ca focus is reached):
These outcomes additionally confirmed how the upper valence cations, Ca2+, trigger smaller gels to type relative to low valence cations Na(1)+.
As soon as you place all of this collectively, you successfully get a scenario like this inside the cells which permits small secretions of calcium there to shift its water from a fluid to a gel state.
Conversely, if the physique can disperse the gels, it additionally wants a approach to recreate them. The first sturdy (excessive valence) anion it makes use of to construct them are the phosphates in adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Once we think about this various operate of ATP, we must always think about a few of the concepts first proposed by Ling (see 8.4 on web page 178). They counsel that a lot of the power obtained from ATP arises not from the power inside its bonds being damaged, however fairly from it inducing water to type a liquid crystalline construction. In essence, a lot of the power generated from ATP finally arises from the radiant power which triggers these polymerizations (gels).
Section transitions are quite common in mobile biology, and whereas the sector doesn’t place a heavy emphasis on their significance, Pollack’s central argument in his first two books is that section transitions are needed to clarify many features of the cell.
Notice: Once I later mentioned my articles with Pollack, he knowledgeable me that the primary oversight along with his earlier analysis was that that they didn’t but know that the gels had been negatively charged, which in flip explains quite a lot of the consequences they create (e.g., {the electrical} impulse of nerves).
Increasing Gels
One of many major makes use of for gels inside the physique is from them to quickly broaden and create results from that enlargement. For instance, cells ceaselessly excrete small spheres (often called vesicles) containing necessary elements, which upon exiting the cell quickly broaden. Remoted mucin-producing vessels for instance bear a 600 fold enlargement in 40 milliseconds.
Previous to exiting the cell, the interior elements of the vesicle are cross linked collectively by Ca2+ (bear in mind, larger valence cations, via crosslinking gel proteins, will restrict gel formation whereas monovalent cations like sodium as an alternative are inclined to broaden them).
As soon as secreted from the cell, Ca2+ is eliminated and the gel quickly hydrates within the Na(1)+ answer surrounding every cell. Conversely, gels is not going to quickly broaden in distilled water, and it has been noticed that liquid crystalline water’s formation can be diminished inside deionized water.
Notice: Some vesicles make the most of native environmental elements to alter their section. For instance, histamine is a monovalent cation (cost of +1) at a impartial pH, however turns into a divalent cation (cost of +2) in an acidic pH. Researchers had been capable of present that histamine in an acidic setting (as a result of its excessive valence state), causes shrinking of mast cell granules, whereas histamine in a impartial setting permits their enlargement.
Muscle Physiology
Lots of the commonest issues for which sufferers hunt down physicians originate from the muscle tissues. Due to this, I’ve checked out a number of other ways to deal with these points. In flip, I’ve discovered fairly just a few that persistently work however I can’t clarify why as the present mannequin of muscle physiology can’t present a proof.
One of many main issues with medication (and infrequently science) is what I time period the “mechanistic lure.” Briefly it implies that if there’s not a mechanism to clarify why one thing works, then it’s assumed to be a hoax and thought to not truly work. I feel this compulsive want for a mannequin is kind of silly, particularly since lots of the fashions we make the most of to clarify why medicine work, don’t truly make sense.
Equally, there are various circumstances of a beforehand accepted mannequin for a drug’s mechanism that was discarded and changed with one other, and I do know of many extra examples the place an unorthodox mannequin seems to offer a significantly better rationalization for the mechanism of a remedy.
Notice: This additionally holds true for a lot of various non-drug therapies.
Sadly, it’s almost unattainable to have the FDA (or many conventionally skilled physicians) be open to contemplating a remedy for analysis except a biochemical mechanism for it’s proposed. I consider it is a reflection of the very fact pharmaceutical medicine, as they’re designed to focus on sure enzymes within the physique, match into our inflexible mechanistic paradigm, whereas therapies with a broad spectrum of motion can’t be linked to a particular biochemical receptor nor as simply profited from.
Given all of this, I used to be overjoyed to find via Pollack that many features of the present mannequin for muscle physiology don’t make sense, and the anticipated outcomes of the mannequin don’t happen when rigorous experiments on muscle tissues are performed:
Nonetheless, another mannequin for muscle physiology additionally exists. As we think about it, we must always understand that muscle tissues are acknowledged to solely be able to contracting. Within the cases the place one thing within the physique wants to elongate, that is completed by having a muscle in the suitable place shorten, and as a result of its place, create a lengthening someplace else via doing so (e.g., the triceps within the arm).
From Pollack’s work, I noticed that whereas muscle tissues can solely create pressure throughout a contraction, that is truly a results of the very fact their elements can solely forcefully lengthen.
Pollack’s mannequin is predicated on the statement that relaxed muscle tissues comprise a considerable amount of structured water, whereas contracting muscle tissues primarily comprise water not in a semisolid gel state. Since it’s identified that muscle firing follows the nerve sign directing calcium (Ca2+) ions to enter the muscle, this implies a calcium induced section change might underlie the method.
Conversely, it is usually identified (from the experiment beforehand described within the gradient part) that whereas muscle cells which have been reduce open can retain their potassium to sodium gradient whereas in a salt answer, the elements that lack ATP are unable to.
This implies that ATP is important for the liquid crystalline state of water to be current, because it excludes sodium ions from getting into the muscle cells. Equally, it is usually identified that with out ATP, muscle tissues will stay caught within the contracted type and be unable to elongate, one thing that happens shortly after loss of life (termed “rigor mortis”).
Notice: One of many compelling anecdotal tales I’ve heard over time is that when severely vaccine-injured kids die (e.g., these with lifelong debilitating autism) rigor mortis units in a lot sooner for them. Those that noticed this advised that these kids had a continual power deficit, and their our bodies had been struggling to make sufficient ATP to get by. I feel that is very attainable, however it may be indicative of poor zeta potential.
I believe this may additionally be seen with different continual debilitating sicknesses, however I’ve not interacted with the individuals who would have noticed if it did in truth happen.
Pollack additionally noticed that muscle adjustments in response to environmental elements adopted a well-known important threshold being handed. This additionally appeared to counsel to Pollack {that a} section change was occurring inside the muscle tissues.
So what’s Pollack’s mannequin? The muscle tissues fibers are designed to type massive gels round them, and as liquid crystalline water inside them expands, it stretches the uncoiled proteins within the fibers into helixes (till protein cross hyperlinks stop additional stretching). When the muscle must contract, calcium ions enter the muscle, eliminating the gels, and the proteins not being lengthened elastically snap again to their authentic uncoiled configuration.
To ensure that the gel to rebuild, ATP is required to interrupt the cross hyperlinks created by calcium and thereby set off a section shift that reconstructs the gel.
Thus, the power of a muscle is a product of the potential power created by liquid crystalline water’s storage of radiant power being launched. Or put otherwise, the power of muscle tissues truly lies of their potential to spontaneously lengthen and explains why many efficient muscular remedies I’ve come throughout work.
Giant mechanical shear causes the cytoskeleton matrix [another key structure that expands and contracts in response to phase changes] to fluidize, a phenomenon much like bodily rejuvenation in SGM’s [certain synthetic materials]. This fluidization is adopted by a sluggish scale- free restoration of mechanical properties, a phenomenon much like bodily getting older in SGMs.
Surprisingly in response to a transient stretch, the cytoskeleton fluidizes in a sample that’s common for various cell varieties. This discovering implicates mechanisms mediated not a lot by particular signaling pathways, as it’s often assumed, however fairly – as we clarify under – by non-specific actions of bodily forces.
Many different buildings even have the power for his or her inside gels to trigger enlargement and contraction, however in contrast to skeletal muscle tissues, normally, this enlargement and contraction will not be as tightly constrained as what’s noticed inside the closely cross-linked skeletal muscle tissues.
Easy muscle tissues, in addition to contractile rings, artificial actin gels (actin is without doubt one of the commonest contractile proteins within the physique), and different organelles with few covalent cross hyperlinks and semi-random buildings are different examples of locations the place the physique makes use of this precept to maintain life.
Lastly, it has additionally been noticed that altering the encircling concentrations of salinity round different fibers (e.g., collagen) could cause them to broaden and contract to the purpose they will generate a pressure yielding contraction much like that of a muscle fiber.
Conclusion
There have been just a few central questions I’ve sought to handle in my exploration of liquid crystalline water. On this sequence, I sought a mechanism to clarify the statement in quite a few conventional medical techniques that an inherent expansive pressure exists all through the physique which performs a key function in offering its vitality and that when this expansive pressure is compromised, quite a lot of ailments set in.
I agree with this perception and have seen quite a few cases the place it grew to become attainable to acknowledge the place that life sustaining enlargement had been changed with a good compacted area, and likewise seen strategies that sought to revive that enlargement additionally restore a affected person’s vitality.
Conversely, I consider the lack of mobility and sturdiness that accompanies getting older (and one of many largest issues to elder sufferers) is instantly associated to the lack of liquid crystalline water we sometimes expertise with age.
On this article, I’ve tried as an example the structural results of liquid crystalline water inside the physique, and it’s my hope that via doing so, I’ve offered a mechanism to clarify the place that expansive pressure originates from. Within the subsequent a part of this sequence, I clarify how water’s liquid crystalline state creates a gradient that may be harvested for power and creates the circulation life relies upon upon.
Within the article after that, I did my finest to clarify the intertwined relationship between liquid crystalline water and zeta potential, and within the closing a part of this sequence I mentioned the strategies I’ve come throughout which seem to revive both.
Every of those subjects is kind of complicated (e.g., this text was a synthesis of quite a few books and articles), however in my view nonetheless essential to dive into for unravelling the mysteries of life. In flip, it’s my honest hope the widespread awakening that has occurred in our society on account of COVID-19 can rekindle curiosity to discover unconventional topics like this.
I thank every of you for the eye you gave in making an attempt to understanding this comparatively complicated matter which is close to and expensive to my coronary heart. I sincerely hope that you can also undertake a few of its implications into your each day life.
A Notice From Dr. Mercola Concerning the Creator
A Midwestern Physician (AMD) is a board-certified doctor within the Midwest and a longtime reader of Mercola.com. I respect his distinctive perception on a variety of subjects and I am grateful to share them. I additionally respect his need to stay nameless as he’s nonetheless on the entrance traces treating sufferers. To search out extra of AMD’s work, make sure you try The Forgotten Facet of Medication on Substack.
