Each particular person carries inside them a singular universe of microorganisms often known as the intestine microbiota. These microscopic creatures, which predominantly include micro organism, play a very important function in our well being by aiding in digestion, producing important nutritional vitamins, boosting our immune system, and even affecting our temper. But, not all micro organism in our intestine are useful; there’s a relentless tussle between ‘good’ and ‘unhealthy’ microbes.
So, how can we tilt the stability in favor of the useful micro organism? Sometimes, the reply is likely to be probiotic dietary supplements. These merchandise include reside micro organism supposed to spice up the inhabitants of fine micro organism in your intestine. Nevertheless, as well being and health professionals, we regularly encounter people who both can’t or favor to not take dietary supplements or just wish to construct a gut-health-promoting life-style earlier than contemplating supplementation.
This text is for these in search of pure methods to boost their intestine microbiota. We are going to discover evidence-based life-style and dietary modifications that may assist enhance the variety and abundance of useful intestine micro organism, selling general well being and wellbeing. No capsules, no powders – simply easy, sensible recommendation rooted in scientific analysis.
Get Extra Good Micro organism in Your Intestine With out Dietary supplements
Earlier than diving into particular approaches, it’s essential to know that selling intestine well being isn’t solely about what you set in your plate. Sure, eating regimen performs a significant function, however there’s a broader life-style context that can’t be ignored. A holistic method that encompasses sleep, bodily exercise, stress administration, and hydration, along with eating regimen, is vital to fostering a various and wholesome intestine microbiome.
Contemplate sleep, for instance. Analysis reveals a bidirectional relationship between sleep and intestine well being. Poor sleep can disrupt your intestine microbiota; conversely, an unhealthy intestine can contribute to sleep points. Equally, common bodily exercise is related to a extra numerous intestine microbiota.
Stress, each bodily and emotional, may also have an effect on the intestine microbiota. Persistent stress might alter the variety and composition of the intestine microbiota, probably resulting in a spread of well being issues. Hydration, although typically missed, additionally performs a job in sustaining the well being of the intestine.
On this article, we are going to delve into every of those life-style methods, exploring how they are often harnessed to naturally improve the useful micro organism in our guts. However first, we are going to discuss some generalities of the microbiome and a few indicators and signs of a wholesome intestine.
The Significance of the Intestine Microbiome for Total Well being
Sometimes called the physique’s “second mind”, the intestine microbiome is essential for extra than simply digestive well being. It performs an integral function in our general well being, influencing all the things from metabolism and immunity to mind perform and temper.
Firstly, the intestine microbiome aids in digestion and nutrient absorption. It assists in breaking down complicated carbohydrates, producing important nutritional vitamins like vitamin Ok and B-vitamins, and facilitating the absorption of sure minerals.
However the function of the intestine microbiome extends nicely past the digestive tract. Analysis has proven that it performs a vital function in our immune system, with round 70% of the physique’s immune cells discovered within the intestine. The intestine microbiome helps to manage these immune responses, defending in opposition to pathogens and stopping overactive immune responses, which may result in autoimmune issues.
Furthermore, the intestine microbiome is intricately linked to our mind well being. By the gut-brain axis, our intestine micro organism can affect our temper, conduct, and psychological well being. Research counsel that an imbalanced intestine microbiota might contribute to a spread of neurological and psychological well being issues, together with anxiousness, melancholy, and even neurodegenerative illnesses.
In essence, a wholesome and numerous intestine microbiome is integral to our general well being. By cultivating a flourishing intestine ecosystem, we are able to nurture our bodily and psychological wellbeing, highlighting the significance of methods that naturally promote useful intestine micro organism.
Indicators and Signs of a Wholesome Intestine
Recognizing a wholesome intestine can typically be subjective and may differ considerably from individual to individual, given our distinctive intestine microbiomes. Nevertheless, some basic indicators of a wholesome intestine embody:
- Common Bowel Actions: Common bowel actions sometimes indicate a wholesome intestine. The important thing phrase right here is “common,” which may differ from individual to individual. For some, regularity may imply a bowel motion each day, for others, it is likely to be each different day. What’s essential is that there’s consistency in your routine. Consistency and regularity in bowel actions signify a wholesome digestive system.
- Absence of Uncomfortable Signs: For those who’re free from continual bloating, fuel, constipation, diarrhea, or heartburn, that is usually an indication of a well-functioning digestive system and a balanced intestine microbiota.
- A Nicely-Regulated Immune System: A wholesome intestine microbiota interacts with immune cells to assist regulate the immune response. Subsequently, not changing into sick often may point out that your intestine well being is in a superb state. Frequent sicknesses, however, may point out an imbalanced intestine, as a wholesome microbiome performs a vital function in immune perform.
- Good Sleep: There’s a two-way relationship between sleep and intestine well being. A balanced intestine microbiota can affect the physique’s sleep-wake cycle, assist keep a traditional sleep sample, and improve sleep high quality. Common, restful sleep may point out a balanced intestine microbiome.
- Wholesome Pores and skin: There’s a complicated relationship between intestine well being and pores and skin well being, however they impart and have an effect on each other by way of the gut-skin axis. Pores and skin points like eczema could also be related to a intestine imbalance. Clear, wholesome pores and skin is usually a signal of a wholesome intestine.
Indicators and Signs of an Unhealthy Intestine
Contrarily, there are additionally indicators and signs which will point out an unhealthy or imbalanced intestine microbiome. These might embody:
- Digestive Points: Persistent bloating, fuel, constipation, diarrhea, or heartburn might all be indicators of an imbalanced intestine. These signs point out that meals isn’t being correctly damaged down or that dangerous microbes is likely to be current in your intestine.
- Meals Intolerances: You probably have issue digesting sure meals or expertise signs corresponding to fuel, bloating, belly ache, or diarrhea after consuming sure meals, it might point out a problem along with your intestine micro organism. Problem digesting sure meals is usually a signal of a intestine imbalance.
- Poor Sleep and Fixed Fatigue: Disruption within the intestine microbiota can have an effect on your sleep cycle, resulting in poor sleep and fixed fatigue. Poor sleep can additional result in different well being issues, together with psychological well being points.
- Unintended Weight Adjustments: Unexplained weight reduction or weight achieve, regardless of not making important modifications to your eating regimen or bodily exercise ranges, could also be an indication of an imbalanced intestine. An unhealthy intestine can have an effect on the physique’s means to soak up vitamins, regulate blood sugar, and retailer fats.
- Pores and skin Irritation: Pores and skin situations like eczema, pimples, or rosacea could also be associated to intestine irritation or a broken intestine. Irritation within the intestine brought on by poor eating regimen or meals allergy symptoms could cause sure pores and skin situations.
- Autoimmune Circumstances: Latest analysis means that an imbalanced intestine might enhance systemic irritation and alter the correct functioning of the immune system, which may result in autoimmune illnesses.
8 Methods to Enhance the Intestine Microbiome, the Inhabitants of Well being-Selling Micro organism within the Intestine
Fiber First: Select Pure Prebiotic-Wealthy Meals
With regards to fostering a wholesome intestine microbiome, fiber is your finest buddy. It performs a elementary function in intestine well being because it feeds the useful micro organism, selling their progress and exercise. This nurturing relationship is the place prebiotics come into play.
Prebiotics are varieties of dietary fiber that act as meals in your intestine micro organism. They resist digestion within the higher gastrointestinal tract and attain the colon intact, the place they’re fermented by the intestine microbiota. This fermentation course of leads to the manufacturing of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), corresponding to butyrate, propionate, and acetate, which have quite a few well being advantages, together with anti-inflammatory results and strengthening the intestine barrier.
Whereas it’s true that not all varieties of fiber perform as prebiotics, many fiber-rich meals are excessive in prebiotic fiber. Meals wealthy in prebiotic fiber embody fruits, greens, legumes, and entire grains. These meals present the double profit of providing a various vary of fibers to feed various kinds of intestine micro organism and in addition ship different health-promoting vitamins.
On the similar time, it’s not simply fiber that serves as a prebiotic. Different non-fiber vitamins, corresponding to polyphenols present in meals like berries, tea, and darkish chocolate, may also act as prebiotics, feeding useful intestine micro organism.
In essence, a fiber-first method specializing in prebiotic-rich meals may also help domesticate a thriving intestine microbiome, enhancing the abundance and variety of useful micro organism.
Embrace Fermented Meals
Fermented meals, whereas typically related to probiotics, don’t all the time ship these useful micro organism in giant portions. It’s because some fermentation processes, notably these involving warmth or sure preservation strategies, might kill the probiotic organisms.
Nonetheless, fermented meals are nonetheless a invaluable asset for a wholesome intestine. Whereas the probiotic content material can differ, many fermented meals are wealthy in prebiotics. Prebiotics, as described above, are varieties of fiber that feed the useful micro organism in your intestine, stimulating their progress and exercise.
Moreover, the fermentation course of could make sure vitamins extra bioavailable, that means they’re simpler in your physique to soak up and make the most of. This can be a important benefit because it helps maximize the dietary profit of those meals.
Fermented meals like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and kombucha additionally include bioactive compounds produced throughout the fermentation course of, which may have extra health-promoting results.
A number of research have discovered advantages of fermented meals on intestine well being. For instance, consuming yogurt is related to improved lactose digestion, enhanced immune responses, and will even present safety in opposition to sure varieties of gastrointestinal illnesses. Different fermented meals, like kefir and kimchi, have been linked to a spread of well being advantages, from improved digestion and irritation discount to enhanced immune perform.
To summarize, incorporating a wide range of fermented meals into your eating regimen can enrich your intestine microbiome, making vitamins extra bioavailable, and probably enhancing your general well being.
Stress Much less, Flourish Extra
Stress administration is an important but typically missed side of selling a wholesome intestine microbiome. Considerably latest scientific advances have make clear the bidirectional relationship between the intestine and the mind, aptly termed the “gut-brain axis”.
Persistent stress can disrupt this delicate stability, resulting in alterations within the intestine microbiota, which in flip can affect psychological well being, temper, and cognitive perform. Moreover, stress-induced alterations to the intestine microbiome can compromise the intestinal barrier, resulting in elevated intestine permeability, generally known as “leaky intestine,” which has been related to quite a few well being issues.
A number of research have proven that practices aimed toward decreasing stress, corresponding to mindfulness, yoga, and common train, can positively affect the intestine microbiome. A research printed within the journal Mind, Habits, and Immunity confirmed that aware meditation decreased inflammatory biomarkers, which can have constructive results on the intestine microbiome.
Common bodily exercise has additionally been related to elevated range and stability of the intestine microbiota, which is a key marker of intestine well being.
Sleep, one other very important side of stress administration, additionally performs a major function in sustaining a wholesome intestine. Sleep deprivation or irregular sleep patterns can disrupt the intestine microbiota, whereas conversely, a wholesome intestine microbiome can promote higher sleep.
In brief, managing stress via mindfulness practices, train, and sustaining common sleep patterns can considerably contribute to a more healthy and extra balanced intestine microbiome.
Get Transferring: The Energy of Train in Shaping Your Intestine Well being
The potent affect of bodily exercise on well being is well-established, however latest findings reveal that its advantages prolong to our intestine microbiome as nicely. Train can improve the range and richness of our intestine micro organism – key indicators of intestine well being.
Research have discovered that people who lead bodily lively lives have a extra numerous intestine microbiota than those that are sedentary. This range may also help enhance the resilience and purposeful capability of the microbiota, aiding in digestion, vitamin synthesis, and safety in opposition to dangerous pathogens.
Train additionally aids in decreasing irritation, enhancing immune perform, and enhancing the energy of the intestinal barrier – all elements that contribute to a wholesome intestine.
Analysis evaluating skilled athletes to controls discovered that the athletes, who engaged in long-term, high-intensity train routines, had a extra numerous intestine microbiota, highlighting the potential of bodily exercise in modulating intestine microbiota.
Whereas extra analysis is required to find out the best varieties and quantities of train for optimum intestine well being, common moderate-intensity train seems to be useful.
Including common train to your routine can promote a more healthy and extra numerous intestine microbiome, contributing to higher general well being.
Sleep Nicely to Feed Your Intestine
Sleep is way over a mere interval of relaxation. It’s a crucial time when your physique carries out very important restore, restoration, and cognitive processes. One of many lesser-known roles of sleep is its impact in your intestine microbiome. Sleep can considerably affect the range and composition of your intestine micro organism.
Analysis suggests that people who find themselves sleep-deprived or have disrupted sleep patterns typically have an altered intestine microbiota. For instance, a research printed in Molecular Metabolism discovered that simply two nights of partial sleep deprivation may end in modifications to the intestine microbiota, together with decreased bacterial range.
Conversely, a wholesome intestine microbiome may also promote higher sleep. Rising analysis signifies {that a} balanced intestine microbiome can improve sleep high quality by producing and regulating varied substances concerned within the sleep-wake cycle, corresponding to melatonin and serotonin.
The Nationwide Sleep Foundation recommends that adults purpose for 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night time. Constant, high-quality sleep can help your intestine microbiome and contribute to general well being.
Sustaining common sleep patterns, practising good sleep hygiene (corresponding to sustaining a cool, darkish, quiet sleep atmosphere and establishing a calming pre-sleep routine), and prioritizing ample sleep can considerably contribute to a more healthy and extra balanced intestine microbiome.
Quench Your Intestine by Staying Hydrated
Whereas it’s broadly identified that staying hydrated is essential for general well being, the impression of hydration on the intestine microbiome is much less generally mentioned. Nevertheless, ample hydration performs a vital function in selling a wholesome intestine and supporting optimum microbiome perform.
Water is integral for digestion. It helps break down meals so your physique can take in vitamins, and it softens stool, which helps forestall constipation. Persistent constipation can disrupt the stability of micro organism within the intestine, resulting in a decreased range of intestine microbiota.
Furthermore, staying hydrated helps keep the mucus lining within the intestines. This mucus lining is likely one of the first traces of protection in opposition to the ‘unhealthy’ intestine micro organism and toxins, and it’s additionally house to many useful micro organism. Dehydration can disrupt this protecting layer, probably resulting in a spread of intestine points, from easy discomfort to extra severe situations like elevated intestine permeability.
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all method to water consumption, as the best quantity depends upon particular person elements like age, intercourse, weight, bodily exercise stage, and general well being. Nevertheless, a basic guideline is to purpose for not less than 8 cups (64 ounces) of water per day. This will come from drinks like water and tea, in addition to from water-rich meals like fruit and veggies.
In brief, ample hydration helps digestion, maintains the protecting mucus lining of your intestine, and promotes a wholesome, balanced intestine microbiome.
Plant Energy for Your Intestine: Commerce Animal-Primarily based for Plant-Primarily based Meals
The meals decisions we make considerably affect our intestine microbiome’s composition and performance, and thus our general well being. Notably, a plant-based eating regimen, wealthy in fruits, greens, legumes, entire grains, nuts, and seeds, can present distinctive advantages to your intestine microbiome.
Plant-based diets are wealthy in dietary fiber, which acts as a prebiotic, offering the required nourishment for useful intestine micro organism to thrive. This fiber-driven nourishment leads to the manufacturing of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), corresponding to acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have a number of well being advantages. These SCFAs assist keep intestine barrier integrity, cut back irritation, and regulate the immune system.
Furthermore, plant-based diets sometimes provide a greater diversity of meals, which may also help enhance the variety of the intestine microbiota – a key marker of intestine well being.
In distinction, diets excessive in animal-based meals, notably crimson and processed meats, have been related to unfavorable alterations within the intestine microbiota. As an illustration, a research printed within the journal Nature confirmed {that a} eating regimen excessive in animal-based merchandise may result in a rise in bile-tolerant micro organism and a lower in micro organism that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides.
Nevertheless, it’s essential to notice that incorporating plant-based meals into your eating regimen doesn’t essentially imply you should utterly exclude animal-based meals to attain good intestine well being. It’s about sustaining a stability that leans closely towards plant-based meals, which may also help maintain a more healthy and extra numerous intestine microbiome.
Select PUFAs Over Saturated Fat
With regards to fat and the intestine microbiome, not all fat impression the intestine in the identical manner. The kind of fats you devour can considerably affect the composition and performance of your intestine micro organism, affecting your general well being.
Saturated fat, primarily present in animal-based meals and a few plant oils, have been linked to unfavorable modifications in intestine microbiota. Research present that diets excessive in saturated fat can cut back the variety of intestine micro organism, promote the expansion of dangerous bacterial strains, and enhance intestine irritation.
However, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably omega-3 fatty acids, seem to have a constructive impact on the intestine microbiome. Omega-3 fatty acids, present in fatty fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds, can enhance the abundance of useful intestine micro organism and cut back irritation.
As an illustration, a research printed in The Journal of Dietary Biochemistry discovered {that a} eating regimen wealthy in omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the abundance of useful micro organism, corresponding to Bifidobacterium, which is understood to advertise intestine well being.
This doesn’t imply you need to utterly get rid of saturated fat out of your eating regimen however moderately keep a stability favoring PUFAs, particularly omega-3 fatty acids. It’s essential to do not forget that moderation and variety in eating regimen are key to supporting a wholesome and numerous intestine microbiome.
Microbiome & Intestine Well being FAQs
How can I enhance good micro organism in my intestine shortly?
The quickest approach to enhance useful micro organism in your intestine is by adjusting your eating regimen. Consuming a wide range of fiber-rich, plant-based meals can present the required prebiotics that these micro organism must thrive. Fermented meals, like yogurt, sauerkraut, and kefir, may also assist enhance useful micro organism. Weight loss plan, together with probiotic dietary supplements and your physician’s help, may also help to swiftly re-establish your microbiota stability.
What eliminates unhealthy micro organism within the intestine?
A eating regimen wealthy in fiber, plant-based meals, and fermented meals may also help keep a wholesome stability of intestine micro organism and restrict the expansion of dangerous micro organism. Common bodily exercise, stress administration, ample hydration, and ample sleep may also contribute to a wholesome intestine atmosphere.
How do you construct a inhabitants of fine micro organism in your physique?
Constructing a inhabitants of fine micro organism in your physique is just like growing intestine micro organism. A balanced eating regimen wealthy in fiber, plant-based meals, and fermented meals, together with wholesome life-style habits, will create an atmosphere through which useful micro organism can flourish.
What’s the quickest approach to restore intestine microbiome?
A various eating regimen wealthy in plant-based meals, particularly these excessive in fiber, is likely one of the quickest methods to revive intestine microbiome. Incorporating probiotic-rich meals like yogurt and kefir, or prebiotic-rich meals corresponding to onions, garlic, and bananas may also assist restore intestine microbiome. A various eating regimen wealthy in plant-based meals, particularly these excessive in fiber, is likely one of the quickest methods to revive intestine microbiome. Incorporating probiotic-rich meals like yogurt and kefir, or prebiotic-rich meals corresponding to onions, garlic, and bananas may also assist restore intestine microbiome.
How lengthy does it take to “repair” an unhealthy intestine?
The timeline for enhancing intestine well being varies for every particular person and depends upon a number of elements, corresponding to eating regimen, life-style, and the prevailing state of intestine well being. Some research counsel that noticeable modifications can happen inside a couple of days of creating dietary modifications. Nevertheless, for a major and lasting enchancment, constant wholesome habits over weeks to months could also be required.
What promotes the well being of “good” intestine micro organism?
A eating regimen wealthy in numerous, fiber-rich meals can promote the well being of “good” intestine micro organism. This consists of entire grains, legumes, fruits, and greens. Fermented meals, that are wealthy in probiotics, additionally promote good intestine micro organism. Life-style elements corresponding to common train, ample sleep, correct hydration, and stress administration additionally help intestine well being.
How do I get my intestine micro organism again to regular after an sickness or antibiotics?
Antibiotics can disrupt the intestine microbiota. Put up-antibiotics, you possibly can assist restore your intestine microbiota by consuming a eating regimen wealthy in fiber and fermented meals. Moreover, make sure you keep hydrated, get sufficient sleep, handle stress, and have interaction in common bodily exercise. In some instances, a healthcare supplier may advocate a probiotic complement.
Important Takeaways
Your intestine microbiome is a dynamic and very important side of your well being, with far-reaching results that stretch past digestion. It’s integral to your immune perform, psychological well being, metabolic processes, and even your physique’s capability to course of vitamins from meals. Enhancing your intestine microbiome naturally isn’t nearly what you eat—it’s about how you reside.
A well-rounded method to intestine well being incorporates numerous, fiber-rich, plant-based meals and a reasonable consumption of wholesome fat. Nevertheless, our intestine microbiome is influenced by extra than simply our eating regimen. Components like common bodily exercise, correct sleep, ample hydration, and efficient stress administration are equally crucial. These life-style elements can contribute to a more healthy, extra balanced intestine microbiome, fostering an atmosphere the place useful micro organism can flourish.
By adopting these methods, we are able to domesticate a more healthy intestine microbiome with out counting on dietary supplements. A wholesome intestine microbiome helps digestive well being and in addition contributes to general wellbeing, from psychological well being to illness prevention. Keep in mind, small however constant modifications can have a major impression over time, so take these preliminary steps towards enhancing your intestine well being in the present day.
The journey towards optimum intestine well being is a marathon, not a dash. Each constructive alternative you make, each balanced meal you eat, each exercise you full, and each good night time’s sleep you get brings you one step nearer to higher intestine well being. And higher intestine well being brings you one step nearer to higher general well being.
References
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899036/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25021423/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143810/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31460832/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899036/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679531/
- https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition–495-articulo-role-gut-microbiota-in-development-S2173580821000717
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433529/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24679531/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30042740/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21787226/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601187/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011307/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756104/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23849454/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27998788/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7782892/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696665/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15277142/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854945/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24456350/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3346
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20145094/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26799456/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963884/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25021423/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28187199/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433529/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://intestine.bmj.com/content material/67/4/625
- https://specialists.illinois.edu/en/publications/exercise-alters-gut-microbiota-composition-and-function-in-lean-a
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880190/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27900260/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22844441/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35405
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073412/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16169298/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21327117/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5849673/
- https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756104/
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00031-18
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26321659/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10382-2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951525/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705355/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27998788/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5357536/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12820
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27126040/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831151/