July 17, 2023 – Singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley died from a “strangulated,” or twisted, small bowel on Jan.12, stunning many followers who had seen her attend the Golden Globe awards ceremony simply days earlier than. The daughter of the late Elvis Presley was 54 years previous.
The Los Angeles medical expert dominated Presley died of pure causes and, in a report issued final week, linked her small bowel obstruction to bariatric surgical procedure she had years earlier. CNN, which first obtained the post-mortem, stated it included the official opinion of deputy medical expert Juan M. Carrillo, MD, who stated the obstruction was attributable to “adhesions (or, scar tissue) that developed after bariatric surgical procedure years in the past. This can be a identified long-term complication of such a surgical procedure.”
Surgical procedure consultants don’t dispute {that a} cutoff of blood provide to her small bowel, also referred to as the small gut, led to her loss of life. However they’re much less sure that inside scarring from earlier weight reduction surgical procedure is in charge.
“It simply does not make actual sense to all of us [surgeons],” stated Marina Kurian, MD, president of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgical procedure. “It seems like she had a bowel obstruction for positive. But it surely’s not clear to me … that it’s associated to the bariatric surgical procedure, as a result of these scars could be proper up by the liver and the abdomen, and the small gut isn’t often up there.”
Presley reported stomach ache earlier that day, in response to the medical expert. It’s unclear if her ache had persevered for days or come and gone in extreme bouts, that are frequent indicators of bowel obstruction. Vomiting and stomach distention – when air or fluid gathers within the stomach and causes it to increase – are additionally frequent.
In lots of circumstances, bowel obstructions will be handled if medical care is sought early sufficient. “The message is clearly you probably have stomach ache, and it’s persistent stomach ache, go see a doctor,” Kurian stated.
Not All Bariatric Procedures are the Identical
Bariatric surgical procedure contains many alternative procedures, and Kurian thinks from the medical expert’s report that Presley most probably had a single anastomosis duodenal ileostomy (SADI). This sort of process lowers meals consumption by lowering the abdomen dimension and limits absorption of meals by bypassing a part of the small gut.
A bowel obstruction can happen after many forms of surgical procedure, not simply bariatric procedures. Gynecologic surgical procedure, urinary system surgical procedure, and common stomach surgical procedures can depart inside scarring that causes this complication, stated Kurian. “So it may very effectively have been from another surgical procedure.”
If left untreated, bowel obstructions can reduce off blood provide, “which is sadly what occurred in Ms. Presley’s case,” stated Stacy Brethauer, MD, a bariatric surgeon and a professor within the Division of Basic and Gastrointestinal Surgical procedure at Ohio State College Wexner Medical Heart.
Practically all bariatric procedures within the final twenty years have been carried out with minimally invasive methods, like laparoscopy, that trigger much less scarring than open surgical procedure, Brethauer stated.
“Fortuitously, bowel obstructions are fairly uncommon now after laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure and happen in solely 1-2% of sufferers long-term,” he stated.
Quick- and Lengthy-Time period Dangers
Total, the dangers of dangerous outcomes after weight reduction surgical procedure are “very, very low,” Kurian stated. Quick-term dangers embody leaks, bleeding, an infection, and blood clots. Lengthy-term antagonistic results can embody bowel obstruction and malnutrition. The danger of malnutrition from decrease absorption of vitamins will be lessened by sufferers taking multivitamins, for instance.
For the overwhelming majority of sufferers in search of bariatric surgical procedure, the advantages far outweigh the dangers, each within the brief time period and long run, Brethauer stated. Advantages embody important discount in long-term deaths, most cancers danger, heart problems, and diabetes.
“Physicians ought to counsel sufferers that bariatric surgical procedure, like every surgical process, has some inherent dangers,” he added. Mortality charges are at present lower than 0.1% and main short- and long-term complication charges vary from 1% to 4%.
Dangers additionally range relying on particular person affected person components and the kind of bariatric process, comparable to sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or the adjustable gastric band.
Whether or not the affiliation with bariatric surgical procedure was behind Presley’s loss of life, “It’s so essential to stipulate how secure bariatric surgical procedure truly is. We get most individuals via surgical procedure ‘wholesome, hale and hearty,’” Kurian stated.
Anti-Weight problems Drugs vs. Surgical procedure?
Requested if the rising reputation of anti-obesity drugs like Wegovy or off-label use of Ozempic will lower weight reduction surgical procedure, Kurian was uncertain.
“Bariatric surgical procedure, truly, I feel is not going to drop off,” she stated. “These medicine are useful, however the ones that we at present have haven’t taken off as a lot weight as surgical procedure.”
Kurian believes surgical procedure provides a extra sturdy strategy to treating extreme weight problems.
Finally, a choice on anti-obesity medicine and/or bariatric surgical procedure ought to be individualized and primarily based on a dialogue between a affected person and their physician. It additionally relies upon, partly, on how a lot weight an individual would want to lose to be more healthy, Kurian stated.
“These drugs are a incredible addition to our armamentarium for the therapy of weight problems,” Brethauer stated. “These injectable drugs truly mimic the identical intestine hormone adjustments we see after metabolic procedures like gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenal change.
“Each bariatric surgical procedure and pharmacological brokers just like the GLP-1 receptor agonists are secure and efficient, and we use these drugs earlier than and after surgical procedure to advertise further weight reduction and management starvation,” Brethauer added. The most important distinction between the 2 approaches is adjustments from surgical procedure are extra everlasting in comparison with the drugs that require taking up an ongoing foundation.
On the plus facet, extra individuals are speaking about weight problems with the recognition of Wegovy, Ozempic, and different anti-obesity drugs. This might assist take away a few of stigma round weight problems, Kurian stated, and “it makes everybody understand that it isn’t nearly eating regimen and train.”
“It is fantastic that individuals are getting assist understanding … that it isn’t simply their failure however that there are physiologic and hormonal causes for the lack to shed pounds simply.”
